Identify and summarize the levels of evidence/research presented in selected articles

250 words must have in text citations and references must match them.
Review the Rating System for the Hierarchy of Evidence for Intervention/Treatment Questions (see below link)
https://www.ons.org/practice-resources/pep
Review and become knowledgeable about the hierarchy of research logistics. The lowest to highest ranking order of the evidence/research.
Select two different peer-reviewed nursing research articles.
Identify and summarize the levels of evidence/research presented in selected articles (i.e. Students selected articles).
Discuss how an advanced practice nurse critically evaluates evidence/research through either a quantitative methodology – e.g. ANOVA Pair t Test or (Logistic/Multiple) Regession; OR a qualitative methodology – e.g. validity reliability and applicability in practice.
Include each selected article’s reference information in the initial discussion post (i.e. APA format required).


 

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A surgeon was approached by a political science lecturer who requested that the surgeon amputate the lecturer’s healthy leg.

A surgeon was approached by a political science lecturer who requested that the surgeon amputate the lecturer’s healthy leg.

students are required to complete four workbook exercises. Two are compulsory (Module 1 ‘Introduction to Ethics’ and Module 3 ‘Developing and writing a research paper’). Students must complete two other exercises from the remaining modules (you can choose which two). Workbook responses should address the issue raised succinctly and within the word limit set (where applicable). Students should reference material relied upon in their responses in the usual way. It should be noted that these exercises are in place of group discussion which internal students conduct during seminar time. The purpose of the workbook exercises is for students to show their critical engagement with the module material and literature.

Please note:

No independent research is required other than as directed below. Use the readings and the lecture material to assist you in answering the workbook exercises.
Save this document and insert your answers into it at relevant points.

Module 1: Introduction to Ethics – Compulsory

Apply each of the ethical frameworks discussed in the lecture to the following scenario using the space provided in the table below (do not go above 1500 words).

A surgeon was approached by a political science lecturer who requested that the surgeon amputate the lecturer’s healthy leg. The lecturer had the support of his wife in making this request. He was a member of a small on-line community of persons who shared his desires who called themselves ‘wannabes’ (i.e. want to be amputees). The lecturer told the surgeon “my left leg is not part of me” and that his desire to be an amputee was so intense and all-consuming it was ruining his life to the extent that he was considering either suicide or performing a self-amputation if the surgeon would not undertake the surgery. The lecturer was assessed by a psychiatrist as being competent to make decisions and had received counselling. Does each ethical theory suggest that the surgeon should or should not operate?


 

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Compare your interpretation to at least one of the scholarly approaches outlined in the “How to Read Platonic Dialogue” online lecture.

1. Read pages 36–46 from Plato’s Phaedo (Online Library resource). 2. Present a 2–3-page interpretation of one of these passages in your own words. You are encouraged to cite the original text, the online lectures, and the course textbook as support for your interpretation. Remember to cite your sources (including the passage you are interpreting) in correct APA citation. 3. Compare your interpretation to at least one of the scholarly approaches outlined in the “How to Read Platonic Dialogue” online lecture.


 

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How should the arbitration tribunal rule?

Question
“The Big Co. is incorporated and headquartered in Country K, but the majority of shares are owned by shareholders who are nationals of Country M. In 1980, the Big Co. obtained an oil concession in Ruraltania that was valid for forty years. The concession contained a “stabilization” clause providing that the concession could not be altered except by the consent of both parties. To exploit the concession, Big Co. set up a local subsidiary, Little Co., that was incorporated in Ruraltania but wholly owned by Big Co. Two years ago, a major political change occurred in Ruraltania. A new government terminated all foreign-owned concessions, including that of Big Co., but excluded one Japanese offshore oil concession. By decree, the new minister for oil was authorized to fix the compensation-if any-due to foreign companies. The ordinary courts were abolished and replaced by revolutionary tribunals.
The manager of Little Co., himself a national of Country K, criticized the new policy in a television interview, and the next day a group of university students took over Little Co.’s offices, burning and destroying files and other property and injuring the manager. It took nearly two weeks for the Ruraltanian authorities to evict the students. Country K and Ruraltania are parties to an Arbitration Treaty, and they agree to submit the dispute to arbitration. Country K files a claim for the following: (a) the reinstatement of the concession, or (b) compensation to cover the full cost of all assets and installations, lost profits for the next twenty years, interest on the above effective from the date when the concession was terminated, and, in either case, (c) compensation to cover the property damages to Little Co. and the injuries suffered by the manager. How should the arbitration tribunal rule? Discuss.”

Can you tell from which real life situation this question has been inspired from?


 

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Reflect on what type of theory (grand, mid range, or situation-specific) is most useful or applicable to clinical nursing practice in the 21st century.

Reflect on what type of theory (grand, mid range, or situation-specific) is most useful or applicable to clinical nursing practice in the 21st century.

Directions: Reflect on what type of theory (grand, mid range, or situation-specific) is most useful or applicable to clinical nursing practice in the 21st century.

Directions: Reflect on what type of theory (grand, mid range, or situation-specific) is most useful or applicable to clinical nursing practice in the 21st century. Include your rationale for the type of theory you have chosen. Assignment Details: 3 pages maximum APA format Five articles supporting position


 

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Proposes leadership and collaboration strategies for use with consumers and other healthcare providers in managing care and/or delegating responsibilities for health promotion, illness prevention, health restoration and maintenance, and rehabilitative activities.

Proposes leadership and collaboration strategies for use with consumers and other healthcare providers in managing care and/or delegating responsibilities for health promotion, illness prevention, health restoration and maintenance, and rehabilitative activities.

Capstone Project Milestone #2:
Design for Change Proposal Guidelines
PURPOSE
You are to create a Design for Change proposal inclusive of your PICO and evidence appraisal information from your Capstone Project Milestone #1. Your plan is to convince your management team of a nursing problem you have uncovered and you feel is significant enough to change the way something is currently practiced. In the event you are not currently working as a nurse, please use a hypothetical clinical situation you experienced in nursing school, or nursing education issue you identified in your nursing program.
COURSE OUTCOMES
This assignment enables the student to meet the following course outcomes.
CO1: Applies the theories and principles of nursing and related disciplines to individuals, families, aggregates, and communities from entry to the healthcare system through long-term planning. (PO #1)
CO2: Proposes leadership and collaboration strategies for use with consumers and other healthcare providers in managing care and/or delegating responsibilities for health promotion, illness prevention, health restoration and maintenance, and rehabilitative activities. (PO #2)
DUE DATE
Milestone #2 consists of the proposal for your Design for Change Capstone Project. Submit this Milestone to the Dropbox by the end of Week 4.
POINTS
Milestone #2 is worth 225 points.
DIRECTIONS
1. Create a proposal for your Design for Change Capstone Project. Open the template in Doc Sharing. You will include the information from Milestone #1, your PICO question, and evidence appraisal, as you compose this proposal. Your plan is to convince your management team of a nursing problem you have uncovered and you feel is significant enough to change the way something is currently practiced.
2. The format for this proposal will be a paper following the Publication manual of APA 6th edition.
3. The paper is to be four- to six-pages excluding the Title page and Reference page.
4. As you organize your information and evidence, include the following topics.
a. Introduction: Write an introduction but do not use “Introduction” as a heading in accordance with the rules put forth in the Publication manual of the American Psychological Association (2010, p. 63). Introduce the reader to the plan with evidence-based problem identification and solution.
b. Change Plan: Write an overview using the John Hopkins Nursing EBP Model and Guidelines (2012)
i. Practice Question


 

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This file of ACCT 567 Week 8 Final Exam Multiple Choice Explanatory consists of:(TCO C) Comparisons of budgeted versus actual revenues and expenditures are a requirement of which of the following situations?

This file of ACCT 567 Week 8 Final Exam Multiple Choice Explanatory consists of:(TCO C) Comparisons of budgeted versus actual revenues and expenditures are a requirement of which of the following situations?

1. (TCO A) On what should the government-wide financial statements report?

2. (TCO B) According to GASB standards, when should transfers be recognized?

3. (TCO C) Comparisons of budgeted versus actual revenues and expenditures are a requirement of which of the following situations?

4. (TCO D) The revenues account of a government entity is debited when

5. (TCO E) During the year, a wealthy local businessman donated a building to city of Perris. The original cost of the building was $340,000. Accumulated depreciation at the date of the gift amounted to $220,000. The appraised fair market value of the donation at the date of the gift was $525,000 of which $35,000 was the value of the land on which the building was situated. At what amount should the city record this donated property in the governmental activities accounts at the government-wide level?

6. (TCO E) Which of the following resource inflows would be recorded as a revenue of a debt service fund?

7. (TCO G) Which of the statements concerning agency funds is a true statement?

8. (TCO J) Which of the following items are typically reported differently between the governmental fund statements and the governmental activities column of the government-wide statements?

9. (TCO H) A condition whereby the design or operation of a control does not allow management or employees in the normal course of performing their assigned functions, to prevent or detect and correct misstatements on a timely basis is called a(an)

10. (TCO H) Under FASB Standards, how would a not-for-profit organization recognize a conditional pledge?

11. (TCO I) Which of the following items would not affect the amounts reported in the Revenues and Gains section of the statement of activities for a private college or university?

12. (TCO I) The primary source of revenues for most hospitals are

Page 2

1. (TCOs D, E, F, and G) Please list the name of the fund(s) in which each of the following transactions or events would be recorded.

2. (TCO F) The garbage collection of the city of Rockwell could be accounted for through the General Fund, a Special Revenue Fund, or an Enterprise Fund. Please identify the circumstances in which each of these fund types might be appropriate.

3. (TCO I) During the fiscal year of June 2012, Jefferson General Hospital, a not-for-profit healthcare organization, had the following revenue-related transactions. (The amounts are summarized for the entire year.)

4. (TCO E) Enter the template provided in the answer space and record the following transactions in the Capital Projects Fund in the general journal for the following transactions.

5. (TCO F) The following Statement of Cash Receipts and Disbursements was prepared by the bookkeeper of the City of Glass City Museum of Science. The museum is a component unit of the City of Glass City and must be included in the city


 

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What is the additional condition required to use the pooled t-test?

A clinical investigator has developed two new treatments (treatment A and B) for high cholesterol. T Show more A clinical investigator has developed two new treatments (treatment A and B) for high cholesterol. The investigator is not sure which treatment will significantly reduce the average cholesterol level. There were a total of 140 people randomized into the two treatments but some of the participants dropped from treatment B. The investigator wants the level of significance to be fairly stringent at 5%. 1. State the hypothesis the investigator wants to tests. Use mathematics notation (i.e. H0 and HA) 2. What is the additional condition required to use the pooled t-test? Are these met? If not which test should you use? Show less


 

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How to Produce a Deal that is Lawful

Authorship an excellent story essay needs one to really include fascinating info in an engaging method. Personal statement editing by your personal professional writer that’ll completely alter your private writing essay into a fascinating object of materials that Read more

What purpose does an understanding of the history of health care delivery serve?

Each reply must be at least 450 words. Each reply must include at least 2 peer-reviewed source citations, in current APA format. Each thread will also require integration of at least 1 biblical principle.

Discussion #1

Topic: Understanding History and Its Effects

An understanding of the history of health care delivery serves the purpose of realizing where the U.S. health care system is presently situated, and the course it will take in the future. History is involved with more than just health care. It involves all aspects of life – the formations and paths of countries and world, along with the formation of ourselves, both physical and spiritual. Deuteronomy 5:15 (HCSB), states, “Remember that you were a slave in the land of Egypt, and the LORD your God brought you out of there with a strong hand and an outstretched arm. That is why the LORD your God has commanded you to keep the Sabbath day.” Again, remembering is so important that God instructed Moses to relay to the Israelites, “These will serve as tassels for you to look at, so that you may remember all the LORD’s commands and obey them and not become unfaithful by following your own heart and your own eyes,” (Numbers 15:39, HCSB). This reminder was required to be passed down through the generations. The obvious question is why? Why remember? God answers this in the following verse (40): “This way you will remember and obey all My commands and by holy to your God.” God knows, and we should also know by now, that we are a forgetful people. If we do not place reminders in our paths, we will forget our experiences, and will drift away into engaging in activities that we have no business being involved with.

The United States is unique. I firmly believe it is unique because this country was first established upon biblical foundations and obedience to God. As such, God’s blessings were upon this great nation in the beginning, and through many years of its growth. Just as God promised His blessing upon the Israelites, as a people, it was conditional. It required them to obey God’s commandments, and to love Him and serve only Him. God has made His expectations very clear. He has provided us His Word, the Bible, to remind us of His promises and expectations. We need only to read, study, and obey.

The reason I mention the above is because it has played a large part of how we have viewed health care in the United States. The most persuasive factor that has impacted U.S. health care is the firm belief that it is every citizen’s responsibility to ‘carry his load’. We have what we own because we work hard, and hard work pays off. If you do not work, then one can expect not to have much, if anything. Is this an offshoot of Proverbs 19:15 (HCSB), “Laziness induces deep sleep, and a lazy person will go hungry”? There are plenty of other references, such as, “The diligent hand will rule, but laziness will lead to forced labor” (12:24, HCSB), and “Because of laziness the roof caves in, and because of negligent hands the house leaks” (Ecclesiastes 10:18, HCSB).

Although no textbook I have read regarding this subject has mentioned the Bible as being a predominant factor in shaping U.S. health care, some factors listed in our class text allude to this. Shi and Singh (2017, p. 54), listed within exhibit 3.1 forces that changed U.S. health care delivery. The first category is ‘cultural beliefs and values’, with the first sub-set listing being ‘self-reliance’. This directly alludes to what was discussed above. Political candidates, whether the voted members in Congress or the elected President, have listened to this factor, and has contributed to the failure of a national health insurance program, as well as a fully sponsored federal health care system. It has long been held that hard-workers do not want hand-outs, and do not want government involvement in such matters. Much of this establishment had to do with the Great Depression, and the earlier World Wars. When people suffer together, it creates a bond. Within that bond, there are also many beliefs that do not need to be spoken, because they are automatically understood amongst those living through such times. During times of hardship, people do not want to hear people complaining, particularly if those complaining are not contributing to the overall betterment of society. This is simply another way of stating to take responsibility for your actions.

Here is an example. Blankinship (2016, December 15), wrote an opinion in The Seattle Times, entitled, “Don’t complain, millennials; stand up and take action after the election.” The article outlines actions that millennials can take to make change occur in the direction they desire. Rather than simply protesting, it requires action such as voting for the candidate they want to see in office. Many millennials did not vote. It takes volunteering for organizations, broadening their social network, and even making changes at home, such as proposing bills. In other words, it takes work. This can be figuratively meant as, “if you don’t work, you don’t eat.”

There are many other factors preventing a national health care system being completely sponsored by the federal government for all to use. To completely analyze all of them would require much more than this discussion board will allow. One thing is for sure: the U.S. health care system is rapidly changing, and beginning to lean more on the federal government rather than private run sponsorship. Could it be as a direct result of Biblical values and adherence, or lack thereof?

References

Blankinship, D. G. (2016, December 15). Don’t complain, millennials; stand up and take action after the election. Retrieved July 13, 2017, from The Seattle Times: http://www.seattletimes.com

Shi, L., & Singh, D. A. (2017). Essentials of the U.S. Health Care System (Fourth Edition ed.). Burlington, MA, USA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

The Holy Bible: Holman Christian standard version. (2009). Nashville: Holman Bible Publishers.

Discussion #2

Topic: Foundation of U.S. Health Care Delivery

Top of Form

What purpose does an understanding of the history of health care delivery serve?

“Nevertheless, I will bring health and healing to it; I will heal my people and will let them enjoy abundant peace and security”.

The understanding of the history of health care delivery increases our chances of moving forward and making the system better. If we know the history of health care delivery we can improve current processes and create new standards and procedures for the future. We can also invent new medical equipment for hospitals, doctors offices and patients to have in their home and come up with creative ways to fund it. It is important as a health care consumer to understand the history of the U.S. health care delivery system, how it operates today, who participates in the system, what legal and ethical issues arise as a result of the system, and what problems continue to plague the health care system.(Jones&Bartlett).

Which factor or factors have been predominant in shaping U.S. health care?

Cultural beliefs and values, social changes, technological advances, economic constraints, political opportunism, and ecological forces are the main historical factors that have continued to shape U.S. health care delivery. (Shi & Singh).

What have been their effects?

Providing assistance to people who can’t pay for medical care such as Medicaid or Medicare is one of the effects of cultural beliefs & values. Insurance through employers also assist families for a fee from their paycheck according to their pay frequency. Changes have been made to no longer segregate patients if it is not medically necessary. More research is constantly being done to find cures for diseases and better ways to service patients. Training for health care professionals are being view more carefully as well as needed certifications for jobs such as Medical Assistants, and now wanting RNs to go from RN to BSNs. Although health care cost is on the rise and people pay more now than ever for certain processes and procedures, their hospital stays are much shorter and some procedures that used to require a hospital stay can be done as outpatient. I always thought it was the insurance calling the shots as to how long you can stay in the hospital, but maybe not.

The hospital industry continues to evolve, streamlining and improving patient care, integrating big data and moving from a fee-for service to a fee-for-outcome payment model. The hospitals of yesterday were quite different from the sprawling health care centers that are common in the United States today.(Hospital of Yesterday). The way payments are made to doctors are different today than they were in the past. There’s more help from the government and more people have insurance or some form of assistance than was offered in the past.

References:

Overview of the U.S. Healthcare Delivery System Jones& Bartlett Retrieved from; http://samples.jbpub.com/9781449615192/69840_CH01_Niles.pdf

Shi, L., & Singh, D. A. (2017). Essentials of the U.S. health care system — with access (4th ed.). Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Hospital of Yesterday: The Biggest Changes in Health Care. Retrieved from: http://health.usnews.com/health-news/hospital-of-tomorrow/articles/2014/07/15


 

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