Political instability is regarded by economists as a serious malaise harmful to

Political instability is regarded by economists as a serious malaise harmful to economic performance. Political instability is likely to shorten policymakers horizons leading to suboptimal short term macroeconomic policies. It may also lead to a more frequent switch of policies creating volatility and thus negatively affecting macroeconomic performance. Considering its damaging repercussions on economic performance the extent at which political instability is pervasive across countries and time is quite surprising. Political instability as measured by Cabinet Changes that is the number of times in a year in which a new premier is named and/or 50 percent or more of the cabinet posts are occupied by new ministers is indeed globally widespread displaying remarkable regional differences (see Figure 1). The widespread phenomenon of political (and policy) instability in several countries across time and its negative effects on their economic performance has arisen the interest of several economists. As such the profession produced an ample literature documenting the negative effects of political instability on a wide range of macroeconomic variables including among others GDP growth private investment and inflation. Alesina et al. (1996) use data on 113 countries from 1950 to 1982 to show that GDP growth is significantly lower in countries and time periods with a high propensity of government collapse. In a more recent paper Jong-aPin (2009) also finds that higher degrees of political instability lead to lower economic growth.1 As regards to private investment Alesina and Perotti (1996) show that socio-political instability generates an uncertain politico-economic environment raising risks and reducing investment.2 Political instability also leads to higher inflation as shown in Aisen and Veiga (2006). Quite interestingly the mechanisms at work to explain inflation in their paper resemble those affecting economic growth; namely that political instability shortens the horizons of governments disrupting long term economic policies conducive to a better economic performance.


 

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compare: Iowa Model of Evidence-Based Practice.

compare:
Iowa Model of Evidence-Based Practice.
The Model for Evidence-based Practice Change.
The Clinical Scholar Model.
John Hopkins Nursing Evidence-Based Practice Model.
Stetler Model of Research Utilization.
The Advancing Research and Clinical Practice Through Close Collaboration (ARCC) Model.
The Promoting Action on Research Implementation in Health Services (PARIHS) Framework.
Compare the selected models of EBP in terms of:
Components.
Simplicity or complexity.
Ease of use by staff nurses.
Applicability to use in systems.
Applicability to use with individual patients.
Strengths and limitations of the models.
Consider these questions in your comparison:
Are there specific situations in which one model or the other is most appropriate?
Which model would be most appropriate in the work setting in which you practice? (NEONATAL) Why?
While the concept of EBP has strong proponents it also has its detractors. Consider one of the positions below in relationship to your model and setting:
EBP ignores patient or community input.
EBP stifles creative problem solving and clinical judgment.
EBP emphasizes quantitative research and randomized controlled trial (RCT).
EBP disregards clinical expertise.
EBP supports generalizing results to populations not studied.
EBP is simply another term for research utilization.
Consider the position carefully and argue that position effectively and convincingly in your post (even if you do not personally hold that opinion). Your initial post should demonstrate clarity of thought and precision in writing. Support your discussion with at least one reference other than the required reading.
REQUIRED READING:
Required Readings
Compete the following:
In your Melnyk and Fineout-Overholt text Evidence-Based Practice in Nursing and Health Care: A Guide to Best Practice:
Read Chapter 1 Making the Case for Evidence-Based Practice and Cultivating a Spirit of Inquiry.
Read Chapter 13 Models to Guide Implementation of Evidence-Based Practice.
Remember that you can access these readings on iGuide or by opening your downloaded VitalSource Bookshelf application.
To learn about the ACE Star Model of Knowledge Transformation read Heye and Stevenss 2009 article Using New Resources to Teach Evidence-Based Practice from Journal of Nursing Education volume 48 issue 6 pages 334339.
For general information about EBP:
Read the 2007 article Sigma Theta Tau International Position Statement on Evidence-Based Practice February 2007 Summary from Worldviews on Evidence-Based Nursing volume 5 issue 2 pages 5759.
To learn about the Iowa Model of Evidence-Based Practice read the Titler et al. 2001 article The Iowa Model of Evidence-Based Practice to Promote Quality Care from Critical Care Nursing Clinics of North America volume 13 issue 4 pages 497509.
Use the Internet to:
Select and review at least one tutorial from the list of Web sites in box 14.2 of Chapter 14 Tutorials on Evidence-Based Practice in your Evidence-Based Practice in Nursing and Health Care text.
Explore the following Web sites:
Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHQR).
Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine.


 

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Analyze the manner in which PharmaCARE used U.S. law to protect its own intellectual property and if John has any claim to being the true “inventor” of AD23. Suggest at least three (3) ways the company could compensate John for the use of his intellectual property.

Analyze the manner in which PharmaCARE used U.S. law to protect its own intellectual property and if John has any claim to being the true “inventor” of AD23. Suggest at least three (3) ways the company could compensate John for the use of his intellectual property.

Field: Law
Assignment 4: Legal and Ethical Considerations in Marketing, Product Safety, and Intellectual Property

Due Week 9 and worth 300 points

You are a new associate at the law firm of Dewey, Chetum, and Howe. John, a former researcher at PharmaCARE, comes to your office. He has concerns about PharmaCARE’s use of AD23, one of the company’s top-selling diabetes drugs. Two (2) years ago, after PharmaCARE’s research indicated that AD23 might also slow the progression of Alzheimer’s disease, John and his team of pharmacists began reformulating the drug to maximize that effect. In order to avoid the Food and Drug Administration’s (FDA) scrutiny, PharmaCARE established a wholly-owned subsidiary, CompCARE, to operate as a compounding pharmacy to sell the new formulation to individuals on a prescription basis. CompCARE established itself in a suburban office park near its parent’s headquarters. To conserve money and time, CompCARE did a quick, low-cost renovation.

CompCARE benefited from PharmaCARE’s reputation, databases, networks, and sales and marketing expertise, and within six (6) months had the medical community buzzing about AD23. Demand soared, particularly among Medicare, Medicaid, and Veterans Affairs patients. Seeing the opportunity to realize even more profit, CompCARE began advertising AD23 directly to consumers and marketing the drug directly to hospitals, clinics, and physician offices, even though compounding pharmacies are not permitted to sell drugs in bulk for general use. To circumvent this technicality, CompCARE encouraged doctors to fax lists of fictitious patient names to CompCARE. PharmaCARE sold CompCARE to WellCo, a large drugstore chain, just weeks before AD23 was publicly linked to over 200 cardiac deaths.

As CompCARE and its new parent company enjoyed record profits and PharmaCARE’s stock price approached $300 per share, reports started surfacing that people who received AD23 seemed to be suffering heart attacks at an alarming rate. The company ignored this data and continued filling large orders and paying huge bonuses to all the executives and managers, including John, whose wife recently died from a heart attack after using AD23.

John has come to you with an internal company memo describing the potential problems with AD23, and information describing the company’s willingness “roll the dice” and continue to market the drug.

Your senior partner has asked you to write a memo outlining the following issues for review by the senior partners.

In preparation for this assignment, use the Internet or Strayer Library to research examples of intellectual property theft that occurred within the past two (2) years.

Write an eight to ten (8-10) page paper in which you:

Research three to five (3-5) ethical issues relating to marketing and advertising, intellectual property, and regulation of product safety and examine whether PharmaCARE violated any of the issues in question.
Argue for or against Direct-to-Consumer (DTC) marketing by drug companies. Provide support for your response.
Determine the parties responsible for regulating compounding pharmacies under the current regulatory scheme, the actions that either these parties or the FDA could / should have taken in this scenario, and whether PharmaCARE could face legal exposure surrounding its practices. Support your response.
Analyze the manner in which PharmaCARE used U.S. law to protect its own intellectual property and if John has any claim to being the true “inventor” of AD23. Suggest at least three (3) ways the company could compensate John for the use of his intellectual property.
Summarize at least one (1) current example (within the past two [2] years) of intellectual property theft, and examine the effect on that company’s brand.
Analyze the potential issue surrounding the death of John’s wife and other potential litigants against PharmaCARE as a result of AD23.
Specify both the major arguments that John can make to claim that he is a whistleblower and the type of protections that he should be afforded. Justify your response.
Use at least three (3) quality resources in this assignment. Note: Wikipedia is not an acceptable reference and proprietary Websites do not qualify as academic resources.
Your assignment must follow these formatting requirements:

Be typed, double spaced, using Times New Roman font (size 12), with one-inch margins on all sides; citations and references must follow APA or school-specific format. Check with your professor for any additional instructions.
Include a cover page containing the title of the assignment, the student’s name, the professor’s name, the course title, and the date. The cover page and the reference page are not included in the required assignment page length.


 

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What arguments might be raised against the Healthy Workplace bill?

At this writing, the Healthy Workplace bill addressing workplace bullying has been introduced in a number of state legislatures. Using the Healthy Workplace Campaign’s Web page [ www .healthyworkplacebill.org/faq.php ] answer the following questions: 1. How is workplace bullying defined? 2. What is the argument supporting legislation addressing workplace bullying? 3. How is the Healthy Workplace bill different from antidiscrimination protections? 4. What arguments might be raised against the Healthy Workplace bill?


 

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What is one character trait that both Aristotle and Buddhism would describe as a moral virtue?

Living rightly and being a virtuous person are important features in both Buddhist ethics and Aristotle’s ethics. These two ethical perspectives also differ on key points.

For this assignment, consider and respond to the following questions:

What are two differences between how virtues are described by Aristotle versus how they are described in Buddhism?
What is one character trait that both Aristotle and Buddhism would describe as a moral virtue?
How do you believe your friendships can help (or hinder) you having a good character?

In writing your paper, you are required to use one article from the library’s academic resources/databases. The body of your paper should total 2-3 pages and be written in APA format.


 

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Describe what change you will make in your behavior as a leader in the next month, based on your experiences so far.

Purpose: The purpose of the Experiential Leadership Plan Course Project is to further the application of leadership/managerial aspects of the nursing profession through interactive discussion and participation with topic area experts. The purpose of Milestone 3, Leadership Development Plan, is to finalize your progress for attaining your individual goals and report your mastery of these goals to date.
Directions:
1. Please refer to the Milestone 3 guidelines inclusive of the grading rubric found in Doc Sharing for the guidelines of this assignment.
2. Reflect on your mastery of each goal. Summarize what you have accomplished to date; what did you learn?
3. Identify any challenges that you faced in attempting to achieve your goals and document this in the form. Describe the challenges in detail, including who or what made this challenging. Was there anything you were not able to discover?
4. Explain the problem-solving techniques you used to overcome any actual or potential problems and challenges.
5. Describe what change you will make in your behavior as a leader in the next month, based on your experiences so far. How has the learning changed your behavior or attitude? If you were the leader/manager, what could you have done better?
6. Submit your completed NR447 Leadership Development Plan Form to the Milestone 3 Dropbox by Sunday, 11:59 p.m. MT at the end of Week 6.
7. Post questions in the Q&A Forum, or contact your instructor if you have questions about this assignment.
SMART Goal 1: Leadership Development
Leadership development SMART goal.
Summarize your accomplishment of this goal to date; what did you learn?
Identify any challenges that you faced in attempting to achieve your goals and document this in the form. Describe the challenges in detail, including who or what made this challenging. Was there anything you were not able to discover?
Explain the problem-solving techniques you used to overcome any actual or potential problems and challenges. Were there barriers in meeting your learning outcomes?


 

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Prepare a nursing research-based project proposal, not to exceed 5,000 words, that is designed to address a problem in the professional work setting.

Prepare a nursing research-based project proposal, not to exceed 5,000 words, that is designed to address a problem in the professional work setting.

Catheter Associated Urinary Tract Infections

Prepare a nursing research-based project proposal, not to exceed 5,000 words, that is designed to address a problem in the professional health care setting.
Note. The cover sheet, abstract, references page, and appendices are not included in the word limit.
Include the following content:
Abstract, between 250 and 350 words
Section A: Problem Identification – Identify a work-setting problem.
Section B: Solution Description – Develop a description of the proposed solution.
Section C: Research Support – Develop a research base for the proposed solution that is sufficient to support its use.
Section D: Implementation Plan – Describe the methods to be used to implement the proposed solution.
Section E: Evaluation Plan – Describe the methods to evaluate the solution.
Section F: Decision Making – Describe the methods to be used to decide the future of the solution.
Incorporate all faculty, class, and Learning Team feedback.
Format the paper consistent with APA 6.0 guidelines


 

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Describe how these statistics impact the organization’s budget and reimbursement opportunities in the future.

Describe how these statistics impact the organization’s budget and reimbursement opportunities in the future.
Part 1:

Using your instructor’s and peers’ feedback and suggestions from Week 4, complete your final draft of the Key Assignment, Report to the Future of Healing Hands Task Force. Add the following analysis to complete your paper from Week 4 and then submit the entire paper including the analysis for this assignment:

Mr. Magone and the senior leadership of Healing Hands Hospital understand the importance of evaluating operational performance in the healthcare industry and its impact not only on patient satisfaction but also maintaining sound financial management. This is increasingly important in the era of value-based care including Medicare’s Quality Payment Program. Both qualitative and quantitative analysis of data related to patient care is needed. This data includes average length of stay, readmission rates, mortality rates and compliance with standard of care guidelines.
In addition, Healing Hands Hospital is preparing financially for the many different reimbursement changes associated with Medicare Advantage Plans and the need to demonstrate improved quality of care delivered to the hospital’s patients. As part of the Task Force you have been asked to research and analyze data regarding 1) length of stay and 2) hospital acquired infections and the impact of both metrics on the hospital budget and reimbursement. As reimbursement payments become increasingly linked to quality of care, it is important for Healing Hands Hospital to continue to improve in these areas. You have been asked to help the Chief Financial Officer and Chief Nursing Officer evaluate these aspects of patient care as part of your report to Mr. Magone and the Task Force. Submit a 7-10 page paper incorporating your unit 1-4 Individual Project topics including the analysis of how Healing Hands Hospital compares to other hospitals in the nation, state and region in:

Average length of stay
Hospital acquired infection rate
Describe how these statistics impact the organization’s budget and reimbursement opportunities in the future. Be sure to include how Medicare reimbursement will be impacted.

For your research, remember to use the hospital that you chose to represent Healing Hands Hospital and use data for the same state and region for comparison in your analysis. Put your data for comparison in a table or graph in your paper.

For the final paper reference list, be sure to include a minimum of 3 reference sources besides the textbook identifying where you found your data on hospital statistics and add this to your references for the other sections of your final paper from the previous week’s assignments. Document your references using APA format.

Part 2:

Being asked to be part of the Task Force was recognition of your abilities and value to Healing Hands Hospital. When you started to work on the Task Force, you were not an expert in all of the aspects of the healthcare industry on which you were asked to report. Your manager, Ms. Woods, the Chief Operating Officer, recognizes this and that you had not previously had the opportunity to present to the Chief Executive Officer and other members of the executive team. She tells you that this is a good opportunity to develop skills as a professional and expand your expertise level in the healthcare field. She is curious about how you feel about the opportunity and what skills you feel you already had and those that you developed in this process. She also would like to know what skills you feel you still need to develop to continue to advance in your healthcare management career. Write a 2-3 paragraph memo to Ms. Woods that answers her questions and reflect on your professional development through the work that you did for the Task Force (as a part of this course) and how you will continue to maintain your acquired skills and knowledge base.


 

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Explain one potential strategy you would use in a community setting to ensure that the public health program achieves the intended outcomes.

Explain one potential strategy you would use in a community setting to ensure that the public health program achieves the intended outcomes.

During the late 1800s, public health departments began employing health educators to address community issues important to population groups (National Commission for Health Education Credentialing, Inc., 2008). Prior to this time, hospitals and clinics were viewed primarily as places where sick people went to be healed, and health professionals held the closely guarded secrets to cures and prevention. Changes in health care delivery and management in the 1970s ushered in a paradigm shift in who was responsible for individuals’ health. As health care became more disbursed through legislation and economics, health care organizations expanded their services to provide educational services and outreach in community settings as well as centralized information banks. As a result of these historical trends, individuals have become over time more and more involved in educating themselves on their own health care, and they have become more apt to seek preventive information on health and wellness from within their communities and other sources, such as the Internet (Fertman & Allensworth, 2010).

The fact that populations are amenable to receiving health information is not enough to determine what settings are the most appropriate for providing health promotion programs. Although the lines between health care and community settings have become blurred, as a public health professional, you may need to consider factors related to implementing programs in various settings and compare them to decide what setting or combination of settings will work best for the target population.

For this week’s Discussion, review the media titled Healthcare in Rural Communities. Consider how health education programs described in the media might be implemented differently in health care and community settings. Then, select one of the two scenarios provided below, and consider differences in implementation and outcomes depending on setting. What factors should be considered in determining a setting? How might a particular setting influence the implementation of a particular public health program


 

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Compare how mental illness or psychological disorders are experienced by people suffering from them, perceived by the culture in general, and diagnosed and treated by healers in at least one culture different from your own.

Compare how mental illness or psychological disorders are experienced by people suffering from them, perceived by the culture in general, and diagnosed and treated by healers in at least one culture different from your own.
Culture and Psychological Disorders

Psychological disorders occur in most, if not all, cultures of the world. However, there are differences in the way in which they are perceived, diagnosed, and treated. For example, in the United States, disorders are typically diagnosed using the American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, and treatment of disorders such as schizophrenia and depression usually involves drugs, psychotherapy, or a combination of these. Other cultures (and even some subcultures within the U.S.) have very different ways of addressing such conditions. For example, what American mental health professionals recognize as schizophrenia may be perceived as spiritual possession in another culture, and the treatment would, of course, be very different from how schizophrenia as a mental disorder is treated.

In this week’s Discussion, you will compare how mental illness or psychological disorders are experienced by people suffering from them, perceived by the culture in general, and diagnosed and treated by healers in at least one culture different from your own. You should recognize that cultural differences in psychological disorders may be due to a variety of factors, including what is considered appropriate emotional expression, the extent to which biological factors are understood as causes of mental illness (i.e., adherence to the medical model of mental illness), and belief in supernatural forces.


 

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